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75 Years of the Indian Constitution | UPSC

Introduction  November 26, 1949, marks a defining moment in Indian history as the Constituent Assembly finalized the Indian Constitution. 75 years later, this monumental document continues to stand as the cornerstone of the world’s largest democracy.  The longevity of India’s Constitution, far exceeding the global average lifespan of 17 years, is a testament to its […]

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Conference of the Parties (COP 29) | UPSC

Introduction  The 29th Conference of the Parties (COP 29), held in Baku, Azerbaijan, was widely anticipated as a pivotal moment in climate finance discussions.  Dubbed the “Finance COP,” the event aimed to set a new trajectory for climate finance through the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG).  While COP 29 made notable strides

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India-China LAC Agreement: Key Insights for UPSC Preparation

Introduction The recent agreement between India and China on patrolling and disengagement along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) represents a significant step in addressing the tensions that arose following the 2020 border standoff.  While this progress signals a return to diplomacy, unresolved “legacy disputes” in areas like Demchok and Depsang continue to cast a

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Immunization in India – Key Insights for UPSC Preparation

Introduction Immunization has been a cornerstone of India’s public health strategy, playing a crucial role in eliminating deadly diseases like smallpox and polio.  It continues to safeguard millions of lives and strengthen the country’s healthcare system. Despite these remarkable achievements, challenges such as uneven coverage and vaccine hesitancy remain significant hurdles.  What is Immunization? Immunization

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Undertrial Prisoners in India | Overview for UPSC Aspirants

Introduction Undertrial prisoners make up a significant portion of India’s prison population, highlighting deep-rooted challenges in the country’s judicial and administrative systems.  Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s recent appeal to expedite the release of undertrial prisoners who have served over one-third of their maximum prescribed sentence underscores the urgency of reform.  With over 75% of

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High-Performance Buildings | UPSC

Introduction The rapid pace of urbanization and the intensifying effects of climate change have spotlighted the need for High-Performance Buildings (HPBs).  These structures are designed not only to conserve resources but also to enhance energy efficiency, ensure occupant comfort, and adapt to climate risks. HPBs represent a paradigm shift in sustainable construction by integrating cutting-edge

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Tackling Delhi’s Air Pollution | Insights for UPSC Prep

Introduction Delhi’s air pollution crisis has once again captured attention as the Air Quality Index (AQI) in several areas, including Alipur, Anand Vihar, Bawana, Narela, Pusa, and Sonia Vihar, has hit the hazardous 500 mark.  This choking smog has forced the implementation of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in the Delhi-NCR region, highlighting the

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India-Nigeria Relations: Key Insights for UPSC Exam

Introduction India and Nigeria, two vibrant democracies with diverse cultures and growing economies, have enjoyed a robust partnership that spans over six decades. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visit to Nigeria, the first by an Indian Prime Minister in 17 years, has reignited focus on this important bilateral relationship. The visit underlined the shared commitment

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Empowering Urban Local Bodies in India | UPSC

Introduction Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are at the forefront of India’s urban development and governance. Despite their critical role, a recent Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) report has highlighted alarming concerns. The report revealed a 42% gap between the resources and expenditures of ULBs across 18 states. Additionally, only 32% of their revenue

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Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in India | UPSC

Introduction In a landmark move, the Supreme Court of India recently directed the Union government to create binding rules to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities (PwDs) in public spaces and services.  The ruling recognizes accessibility as a fundamental right under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 and reinforces India’s obligations as

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