Mains Articles

Kalapani Land Dispute between India and Nepal: Origin, Challenges and Resolution | UPSC

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Introduction: Nepal has recently put a map on its Rs 100 currency note showing certain areas administered by India in Uttarakhand as part of its territory. Kalapani Land Dispute The territorial dispute is about a 372-sq-km area that includes Limpiadhura, Lipulekh, and Kalapani at the India-Nepal-China trijunction in Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district. Nepal has claimed for […]

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Forest Fires in India: Types, Causes, Distribution and Mitigation | UPSC

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Introduction A forest fire is an uncontrolled fire occurring in nature. Forest fires are a challenge across many countries and also a ubiquitous feature of India’s forest landscape. Forest fires are considered to be a potential hazard with physical, biological, ecological and environmental consequences. In India, it is estimated that the proportion of forest areas

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Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs): Concepts, Categories and Benefits | UPSC

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Introduction Investments in AIFs (Alternative Investment Funds) have been on a rapidly growing path over the past decade. The trajectory has been quite strong in the past five years as well – much faster than the growth in mutual funds and other products. In the last five years (September 2018-September 2023), AIF assets have grown

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Child Labour in India: Magnitude, Causes, Impacts and Solutions | UPSC

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Introduction: Child labour refers to the employment of children in any form of work that deprives them of their childhood, potential, dignity, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. It encompasses work that is mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful to children, or work that interferes with their schooling by depriving

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Elderly Population in India: Issues and Challenges | UPSC

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Introduction The phenomenon of population ageing is becoming a major concern for the policy makers all over the world, both for developed and developing countries. Our country too is not immune to this demographic change. The changing demographic profile has thrown many new challenges in the social, economic and political domains. The rapid socio-economic transformation

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Blue Economy: Meaning, Significance and Challenge | UPSC

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Introduction The term “Blue Economy” refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs, while preserving the health of marine ecosystems. It encompasses various sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture, maritime transport, renewable energy, coastal tourism, marine biotechnology, and seabed mining, among others. The concept emphasizes the importance of

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Types of Unemployment Cyclic Structural Frictional Seasonal Disguised | UPSC

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Unemployment: Meaning and Types Unemployment is not synonymous with joblessness. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines unemployment as being out of a job; being available to take a job; and actively engaged in searching for work. Therefore, an individual who has lost work but does not look for another job is not India’s working-age population

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Inheritance Tax: Meaning, Need, Significance and Challenges | UPSC

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Introduction: Inheritance tax, also known as estate tax, is a tax imposed on the assets of a deceased person before those assets are passed on to their heirs or beneficiaries and is to be paid by the person inheriting the fortune. The tax is usually based on the total value of the deceased person’s estate,

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Types of Deficits: Fiscal, Revenue, Primary, Trade, Budgetary and Monetised Deficits | UPSC

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Introduction: India has set a target to narrow its fiscal deficit to 5.1% in the fiscal year 2024/25, after lowering the current year’s deficit to 5.8% of gross domestic product (GDP). A deficit occurs when a government spends more than it receives in a given period, usually a year. To understand the types of deficits

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India’s Trade Deficit with China | UPSC

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Introduction India and China, two economic behemoths of Asia, share a multifaceted trade relationship that has witnessed exponential growth over the past few decades. However, this relationship is not without its challenges, as India grapples with a widening trade deficit with China. India’s imports from China crossed $101 billion in 2023-24 from about $70 billion

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