India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and union territories represent a mix of cultures, languages, traditions, and geographical diversity. Each state has its own official language, with Hindi being the most widely spoken. The country’s diversity is reflected in its varied languages, traditions, and administrative structures, contributing to India’s rich cultural and regional identity.

We will provide a detailed list of Indian states and their capitals in 2025, including information on the states and union territories, their capitals, languages, and other relevant details.

Indian States and Their Capitals

India, a country known for its rich cultural diversity and vast geographical expanse, comprises 28 states. Each state has its own capital, serving as the political and administrative center. Each state is associated with one or more official languages, reflecting the linguistic diversity that characterizes India.

List of Indian States and Their Capitals 2025

The list below provides a detailed overview of the states and their capitals along with the primary languages spoken in each region. 

Union Territories and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories (UTs), each with its own capital, reflecting the country’s diverse political and cultural landscape. These territories are governed centrally but also maintain unique identities through their capitals and official languages. Below is a detailed list of India’s union territories, their capitals, and primary languages as of 2025.

List of Union Territories and Their Capitals (2025)

The list below provides a detailed overview of the union territories and their capitals along with the primary languages spoken in each region. 

Major States and Capitals

• Uttar Pradesh – Lucknow: As the most populous state in India, Uttar Pradesh’s capital, Lucknow, is a historical city with a rich cultural legacy.
• Maharashtra – Mumbai: Known as the financial capital of India, Mumbai is the largest city in Maharashtra and one of the major economic hubs of the country.
• West Bengal – Kolkata: Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, has a significant place in India’s cultural history and is an important center for literature, theater, and arts.
• Tamil Nadu – Chennai: Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, is known for its classical music, dance, and cultural festivals.

Map of India with Capital

Image Credit: Maps of India

Northeastern States and Capital

• Assam – Dispur: Dispur is the capital of Assam, a state rich in tea gardens and wildlife, including the Kaziranga National Park.

• Meghalaya – Shillong: Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, is known for its scenic landscapes, waterfalls, and a vibrant music scene.

• Sikkim – Gangtok: Gangtok is the capital of Sikkim and serves as the gateway to the Himalayan region, with views of the Kanchenjunga peak.

• Arunachal Pradesh – Itanagar: Itanagar, the capital of Arunachal Pradesh, is known for its beautiful valleys and rich tribal culture.

• Manipur – Imphal: Imphal, the capital of Manipur, is famous for its historical significance and the Loktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India.

• Mizoram – Aizawl: Aizawl is the capital of Mizoram and offers picturesque views, with its hills and unique culture.

• Nagaland – Kohima: Kohima, the capital of Nagaland, is known for its historical significance, particularly the site of the Battle of Kohima during World War II.

• Tripura – Agartala: Agartala is the capital of Tripura and is known for its royal history and the Tripura Sundari Temple.

Union Territories and Capitals

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Port Blair: Port Blair, the capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is known for its beautiful beaches and historic Cellular Jail.

• Chandigarh – Chandigarh: Chandigarh is both a Union Territory and the capital of Haryana and Punjab, famous for its modern architecture and well-planned layout.

• Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu – Daman: Daman serves as the capital of the combined Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, known for its serene beaches and Portuguese heritage.

• Lakshadweep – Kavaratti: Kavaratti is the capital of Lakshadweep, a group of islands known for their pristine beaches and coral reefs.

• Delhi – New Delhi: New Delhi is the capital of India and serves as the political and cultural center of the country.

• Puducherry – Puducherry: Puducherry, often referred to as “Pondy,” is known for its French colonial architecture and tranquil beaches.

Importance of State Capitals in India

Each state and union territory in India has a capital that serves as the political, administrative, and economic center of the region. The capitals often reflect the cultural heritage, economic activities, and the historical significance of the state or union territory.

• Political Center: Capitals are where the state governments are headquartered. For example, Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh or Mumbai in Maharashtra houses the legislative and executive branches of the state government.
• Economic Hub: Many state capitals like Mumbai (Maharashtra), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), and Bengaluru (Karnataka) serve as economic powerhouses for their respective regions due to their industries, trade, and services.
• Cultural Significance: Cities like Kolkata, Chennai, and Jaipur are not only capitals but also key cultural hubs known for their historical landmarks, festivals, and art forms.

Linguistic Diversity in Indian States

India is a country of incredible linguistic diversity, and the capitals often reflect the state’s primary languages. For example:

• Telugu is widely spoken in the capital Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh).
• Kannada is spoken in Bengaluru, the capital of Karnataka.
• Marathi is the main language in Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra.

Key Facts About State Capitals

• New Delhi is not only the national capital of India but also serves as the capital of the Union Territory of Delhi.
• Chandigarh is a union territory and serves as the capital for both Punjab and Haryana.
• Jammu & Kashmir has its winter capital in Jammu and summer capital in Srinagar, which makes it unique in having two capitals.
• Gangtok in Sikkim is one of the smaller capitals, but it is known for its mountainous landscape and proximity to the Himalayan range.

Indian States and Their Capitals FAQs

Q1. Which city serves as the summer capital of Himachal Pradesh?

Answer: The summer capital of Himachal Pradesh is Shimla, while Dharamshala serves as the winter capital.

Q2. What are the official languages of Assam?

Answer: The official languages of Assam are Assamese, Bengali, and Bodo.

Q3. Which city is the capital of Maharashtra during the winter?

Answer: During the winter, the capital of Maharashtra is Nagpur.

Q4. What is the capital of Jammu and Kashmir?

Answer: Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital of

Q5. What is the Capital of Uttarakhand?

Answer: The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun. However, Bhararisain serves as the summer capital of the state.