Kharavela As The Eminent Ruler of Kalinga

• After the era of Ashoka, Kalinga (modern-day Odisha) gained prominence under the rule of the Chedi Dynasty. 
• One of the most notable rulers of this dynasty was Kharavela, who rose to power in the mid-1st century BCE. His reign marked a significant chapter in the history of Kalinga, with remarkable contributions in warfare, religion, and art.

Military Achievements of Kharavela

• Kharavela is celebrated for his victorious campaigns against neighboring territories, which helped expand and consolidate the Kalinga Empire.
• His military expeditions ensured Kalinga’s dominance in the region, making it a vast and prosperous empire during his reign.

Religious Contributions of Kharavela

• A devoted follower of Jainism, Kharavela played a crucial role in promoting the religion in Kalinga.
• Despite his strong patronage of Jainism, he ensured the coexistence and flourishing of both Buddhism and Jainism in ancient Odisha.

Art and Architecture During Kharavela’s Rule

• Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves

• • • The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves are significant contributions from Kharavela’s era.
    • These caves include both man-made and natural structures, designed primarily as residences for Jain monks.
    • The intricate carvings and architectural brilliance of these caves reflect the artistic and cultural zenith achieved under Kharavela’s rule.

• The Hathigumpha Inscription During Kharavela

• • Kharavela’s achievements are primarily documented in the Hathigumpha inscription, located in the Udayagiri hills near Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
  • This inscription, engraved in Brahmi script, is named after the depiction of an elephant carved adjacent to the boulder bearing the text.
  • The Hathigumpha inscription reveals that Kharavela belonged to the Mahameghavahana family of the Chedi clan.
  • It provides a chronological account of his 13-year reign and includes details of his early life up to the age of 24.
  • The inscription highlights his successful military campaigns, emphasizing his strategic acumen and courage. For instance, it mentions Kharavela’s westward military expeditions, which disregarded the authority of Satakarni.