Indian Constitution

Impeachment of Judges in India – Process & Provisions | UPSC

Introduction  The judiciary forms the backbone of any democracy, safeguarding constitutional values, ensuring justice, and upholding the rule of law.  In India, judges, especially those in the Supreme Court and High Courts, play an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the judicial system.  However, when a judge’s conduct or capacity to perform their duties […]

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Places of Worship Act, 1991: Key Facts for UPSC Preparation

Introduction (Places of Worship Act, 1991) The Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991, has once again become a topic of national debate, following disputes surrounding religious sites like Sambhal and Ajmer Sharif.  This law was introduced to maintain communal harmony by preserving the status of all religious sites as they were on August 15,

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Evolution of the Indian Constitution | UPSC Notes

Introduction  The Indian Constitution serves as the cornerstone of India’s legal framework and political governance.  As the supreme law of the land, it reflects the nation’s ever-evolving socio-political, cultural, and economic landscape.  Over the decades, the Constitution has undergone several amendments to address the dynamic needs of society while ensuring the protection of its core

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Supreme Court Judgment on the 42nd Amendment | UPSC

Introduction In a significant legal ruling, the Supreme Court of India dismissed petitions that challenged the inclusion of the terms ‘Socialist,’ ‘Secular,’ and ‘Integrity’ in the Preamble of the Constitution, as amended by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.  Petitioners argued that these terms were inserted undemocratically during the Emergency period and that their inclusion

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75 Years of the Indian Constitution | UPSC

Introduction  November 26, 1949, marks a defining moment in Indian history as the Constituent Assembly finalized the Indian Constitution. 75 years later, this monumental document continues to stand as the cornerstone of the world’s largest democracy.  The longevity of India’s Constitution, far exceeding the global average lifespan of 17 years, is a testament to its

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Empowering Urban Local Bodies in India | UPSC

Introduction Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are at the forefront of India’s urban development and governance. Despite their critical role, a recent Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) report has highlighted alarming concerns. The report revealed a 42% gap between the resources and expenditures of ULBs across 18 states. Additionally, only 32% of their revenue

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