Mains Articles

Elderly Population in India: Issues and Challenges | UPSC

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Introduction The phenomenon of population ageing is becoming a major concern for the policy makers all over the world, both for developed and developing countries. Our country too is not immune to this demographic change. The changing demographic profile has thrown many new challenges in the social, economic and political domains. The rapid socio-economic transformation […]

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Blue Economy: Meaning, Significance and Challenge | UPSC

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Introduction The term “Blue Economy” refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs, while preserving the health of marine ecosystems. It encompasses various sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture, maritime transport, renewable energy, coastal tourism, marine biotechnology, and seabed mining, among others. The concept emphasizes the importance of

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Types of Unemployment Cyclic Structural Frictional Seasonal Disguised | UPSC

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Unemployment: Meaning and Types Unemployment is not synonymous with joblessness. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines unemployment as being out of a job; being available to take a job; and actively engaged in searching for work. Therefore, an individual who has lost work but does not look for another job is not India’s working-age population

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Inheritance Tax: Meaning, Need, Significance and Challenges | UPSC

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Introduction: Inheritance tax, also known as estate tax, is a tax imposed on the assets of a deceased person before those assets are passed on to their heirs or beneficiaries and is to be paid by the person inheriting the fortune. The tax is usually based on the total value of the deceased person’s estate,

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Types of Deficits: Fiscal, Revenue, Primary, Trade, Budgetary and Monetised Deficits | UPSC

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Introduction: India has set a target to narrow its fiscal deficit to 5.1% in the fiscal year 2024/25, after lowering the current year’s deficit to 5.8% of gross domestic product (GDP). A deficit occurs when a government spends more than it receives in a given period, usually a year. To understand the types of deficits

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India’s Trade Deficit with China | UPSC

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Introduction India and China, two economic behemoths of Asia, share a multifaceted trade relationship that has witnessed exponential growth over the past few decades. However, this relationship is not without its challenges, as India grapples with a widening trade deficit with China. India’s imports from China crossed $101 billion in 2023-24 from about $70 billion

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Supreme Court Judgment on EVMs and Paper Ballots | UPSC

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Introduction In a recent ruling, the Supreme Court of India dismissed a petition by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) advocating for a return to paper ballots to ensure the integrity of elections. Supreme Court Judgment Affirmation of EVM System and Cautionary Stance: The Supreme Court upheld the use of electronic voting machines (EVMs) and

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Supreme Court Judgment on Child Care Leave | UPSC

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Supreme Court Judgment on Child Care Leave: Implications and the Way Forward | UPSC Introduction: In a recent judgment, the Supreme Court of India affirmed that a two-year child care leave for working women, in addition to the existing 180-day maternity leave, is a constitutional entitlement protected by Articles 14, 15, 19(1)(g) and 21 of

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Climate Engineering and Solar Geoengineering: Types, Techniques and Challenges | UPSC

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Introduction: The historic Paris climate agreement aims to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.8 Fahrenheit) compared with pre-industrial times. However, the recent Emissions Gap Report warned the world would breach the warming mark of 2 degrees Celsius over the preindustrial era, even if the existing nationally determined contributions are delivered by 2030. One

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Coral Reefs: Types, Formation, Threats and Significance | UPSC

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Introduction Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on the planet, providing habitats for a vast array of marine life and offering numerous benefits to humans. However, these delicate ecosystems face a myriad of threats that endanger their existence. Understanding the types, formation, threats, and significance of coral reefs is crucial for

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