Mixed Member Proportional Representation (MMPR) | UPSC

The First Past the Post System (FPTP) is followed in India in the elections to the Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies.

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Under this system, the candidate who polls more than any other in a constituency is declared elected.

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In order to maintain balance between stability and proportionate representation, the system of Mixed Member Proportional Representation (MMPR) can be considered.

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Under this system, there is one candidate who is elected through the FPP system from each territorial constituency. There are also additional seats that are filled based on various parties’ percentage of votes.

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The law commission in its 170th report, ‘Reform of the electoral laws’ (1999), had recommended the introduction of the MMPR system on an experimental basis.

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